Macro· ★★★★· neutral·

ECB unveils three digital euro projects: Pontes, Appia and retail CBDC

  • —Pontes launched Sept. 21, with full implementation targeted for mid-2028
  • —A €3,000 limit would cut banks' LCR from 166% to 163% and NSFR from 128% to 127%
  • —Deposit inflows from falling cash use are projected at €127 billion by 2034
  • —Appia consultation drew 127 responses, with 90% of respondents willing to contribute
Why it matters: The plan shapes the settlement infrastructure for tokenized assets in the EU and could affect bank liquidity and the euro stablecoin market.
Source: TokenPost