Ethereum L2 economics under strain as Blast and Abstract shut down

• —Blast set an October 26 deadline for standard withdrawals; funds stay recoverable via bridge contracts
• —Abstract will close on December 15 after 325 million transactions failed to produce durable revenue
• —L2BEAT tracked about $43.56 billion in value secured across projects as of October 6
• —EIP-4844 cut data posting costs but does not cover sequencer, bridge and development expenses